varus or valgus stress

Orthopedics

Images: Related links to external sites (from Google)

These images are a real-time random sampling from a Google search on the term "Knee Valgus Stress Test." Click on the image (or right click) to open the source website in a new browser window. Search Google for all related images

Related Topics in Examination

About

FPnotebook.com is a rapid access, point-of-care medical reference for primary care and emergency clinicians. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6266 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 718 chapters. Content is updated monthly with systematic literature reviews and conferences.



Varus or Valgus Malalignment Can Affect Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis

Send to a Friend via Email

Recipient's Email

This field is required.

Separate multiple addresses with commas. Limited to 10 recipients. We will not share any of the email addresses on this form with third parties.

Knee Malalignment Hikes Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis

A knee that is perfectly aligned has its load-bearing axis on a line that runs down the middle of the leg -- through the hip, knee and ankle. When the knee is not perfectly aligned, otherwise known as malaligned, it is known as either varus (bow legged) or valgus alignment (knock-kneed). There is a link between knee malalignment and knee osteoarthritis .

Varus Alignment of the Knee: Bow-Legged Knees

Varus alignment causes the load-bearing axis to shift to the inside, causing more stress and force on the medial (inner) compartment of the knee. If your doctor has said you have varus alignment of the knees (bow-legs), keep in mind that studies show that weight plays a critical factor.

With varus alignment, you are at risk for knee osteoarthritis regardless of your weight -- but if you are overweight or obese your risk is substantially higher than average. Varus alignment increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis 5-fold in obese patients.

Increasing degrees of varus alignment are also associated with progression of knee osteoarthritis as well as the development of knee osteoarthritis -- especially in overweight and obese patients.

Valgus Alignment of the Knee: Knock-Kneed Legs

Valgus alignment shifts the load-bearing axis to the outside -- causing increased stress across the lateral (outer) compartment of the knee. Valgus alignment (knock-kneed) is not considered quite as destructive as varus alignment.

Malignment not only stresses articular cartilage but it also affects menisci. subchondral bone. and ligaments -- all of which may play a role in the progression of knee osteoarthritis.

The Bottom Line Regarding Knee Malalignment

If you are either bow-legged or knock-kneed, you are at higher risk for osteoarthritis, meaning you may develop knee pain and function problems later in life. It's important to keep your weight within a normal range, as obesity can make knee problems worse.

Consult an orthopedic surgeon if you suspect malalignment. Have it evaluated by your doctor and get advice on what you can or should do now to protect your joints. In some cases, joint replacement surgery can correct valgus or varus deformities.

Sources:

The Role of Knee Alignment in Disease Progression and Functional Decline in Knee Osteoarthritis. JAMA. Sharma L, Song J, Felson D, et al. July 11, 2001.

Varus Alignment Doubles Risk for Knee OA in Overweight Subjects. Musculoskeletal Report. April 25, 2007.

Association Between Valgus and Varus Alignment and the Development and Progression of Radiographic Osteoarthritis of the Knee.Brouwer GM et al. Arthritis and Rheumatism. April 2007.



Патенты

Описание (язык оригинала: китайский )

?l/6? No. l / 6 ?

???????????? Knee valgus deformity orthoses

(?) ???? (A) Technical Field

???????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????? The present invention relates to a knee valgus deformity correction devices, particularly relates to an adjustable knee valgus deformity correction device, a medical device technology.

(?) ???? (B) Background Art

??????????,??????????????? As our population ages, the incidence of osteoarthritis of the knee rate goes

???? Upward trend. ?????????????????????,50?????,????????????????? The disease is caused by one of the main knee pain elderly, people over the age of 50, often knee osteoarthritis performance.

?????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????? Early symptoms of osteoarthritis initiative activity occurs Infrapatellar friction sensitivity and pain, stand up when sitting down stairs and pain increased, when due to trauma or sprain can occur after knee swelling, joint effusion. ??????????,??????"??" ??,?????????1-2???????,?????????? Due to pain and quadriceps weakness and knee can be a "slip" phenomenon, given conservative treatment and rest from January to February symptoms can disappear, but easy to repeated minor trauma. ????????????????????????? ??????,?????????????,??????, ???????????????,????????????, ????????,???????,X?????????, ????????????????? Late due to the progressive development of the disease can occur quadriceps atrophy, knee thick, joint mobility, active and passive range of activities to gradually reduce joint pain increased, Ping Lu also occur when walking or standing pain, knee appeared within varus or valgus deformity, joint ligament laxity, causing a sense of joint instability, X-ray film early often negative, and occasionally the upper and lower edge of the patella lateral proliferation of small bone spurs. ?????,?????????,???????,???????????????????????,???????????????,?????????,?????????,?????????????????? With the progression of the disease, there may be joint space narrowing, subchondral bone plate dense, joint edge and eminence severe osteoarthritis standing anteroposterior film camera, there may be inside or outside of the knee joint space narrowing, severe joint space disappears, abnormal tibiofemoral angle changes can occur due to knee ligament laxity incomplete slippage.

???????????????,???????????????,?????????????,???????????,?????,??????????????? Because of knee angle and tibiofemoral joint space changes, so that the knee faces loss of the normal force between the emergence of the knee varus or valgus deformity, compressive stress re-articular surface on one side, because the load is too large, cause severe articular cartilage wear and damage. ???????????????,??????????,?????????????????,??????????????, To correct tibiofemoral angle of knee valgus deformity, usually take the osteotomy to correct the deformity, severe knee replacement and other possible surgical treatment, but osteoarthritis occurs in the elderly,

4??????????????,????????????, ?????????;???????????????????????????, ?????????,?????????,????????? 4 while the elderly themselves relatively poor health status, such as multi suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, limiting the scope of surgical treatment; addition there because of the fear of surgery and joint replacement surgery costs required expensive, the average family is not easy to accept. delayed treatment of the disease, there may be serious disability.

??????????????,??????????"O" ???"X"??,????????:????????????????????????D,?????,??????? Other congenital varus, valgus, that is, we usually say, "O"-shaped legs, "X" shaped legs, the current therapy are: medicine for mild disease, younger infants with large doses supply of vitamin D, deformity heavier, is used gypsum screw

???????;???????????????????? The method of spin distraction device; older patients according to the disease but also the use of bone surgery or cut off

?????? Osteotomy correction. ???????????????,?????? For distraction device using gypsum spiral approach, patients should in bed

?????????,?????????,??????;??????????????????,????????,?????,?????,????????,???????? Maintain a certain posture posture, within a few weeks can not ambulation, children unbearable; while the use of folding bone surgery or corrective osteotomy is artificial fractures, on the technical requirements are relatively high, the patient great pain, the cost is high, many patients are difficult accepted, missed a good treatment

????????????????????????,??????????2004?12?15?????????????????,???"??????????",????9981344.6, ??????CN1179709C? There are now many mechanical correction of knee varus, valgus deformity of the appliance, including China Intellectual Property Office on Dec. 15, 2004 discloses a knee forward and backward adjustable bracket, the name "can be adjusted before and after knee bracket "Application No. 9981344.6, authorized Publication No. CN1179709C. ??????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????????????? The present invention is correction of varus knee valgus deformity were described in detail in appliance, and the use of the thigh and calf of the ferrule by a ferrule holder provided only one side of the knee hinge connection scheme, the hinge Department can provide corrective force to front and rear, to the position of the knee into valgus or varus correction. ?????????????????????,????????????,????????????,??????????? However, because the program is connected by a hinge cuff thigh and calf cuff, just position the knee correction, still unable to avoid friction knee, does not make the knee damaged surface section

???????? Its recovery requirements. (?)???? (Three) Invention

????????????????????????????,??????????????,???????????,?????????,???????,????????????????? The present invention is directed to surgical correction of knee varus, valgus patients with pain, high cost, gypsum screw distraction device to stay in bed for a long time, the patient can not just active defects, providing a convenient, patients can move freely, low cost knee valgus deformity correction device.

???????????: The invention adopts the following technical solutions:

??????????????????????????, ???????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????????????? The present invention is the knee, valgus deformity of the ferrule includes thigh and calf cuff, further comprising the leg inside, outside or both sides, respectively, through the plate and the ferrule with the thigh and lower leg fastening ferrule universal joints, as well as through plate ferrule with said leg shackle attached hoop. ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Which includes gimbal plate welded to the thigh cuff and having an internal thread steel tube, screwed to the steel tube steel tube with internal and external thread, with the inner and outer steel tube with a connecting rod is threaded together by pin the other end of the connecting rod with a connecting rod and activities in the leg cuff plate welded on the steel tube. ??????????????????,????????????,????????????????????????, ?????????????????????? Connected with the lower leg of the ferrule with the other end of the connecting rod collars outer ring shaft portion of the shaft is provided with annular grooves, corresponding settings corresponding steel tube ring and the shaft of the shaft section of the shaft hole with the optical aperture, and set by means of the ring groove of the connecting rod axial limit screws. ????????????????? Shackle hoop through the hinge plate and calf cuff.

??????????????,?????????????????????????,??????????????????????3-5cm???,???????????, ??????????????;???????????,? Above the knee valgus deformity correction device, the thigh cuff, leg cuff and shackle hoop structure to adapt to human physiology, where the thigh and calf cuff cuff physiological structure corresponding to left 3-5cm of margin, corresponding to the posterior portion of the leg is open, and both also have Velcro for taping; shackle hoop and foot structure to adapt its

?????? His face is open.

??????????????,?????????????????????????,??????????? Above the knee valgus deformity correction devices, thigh cuff, leg cuff and shackle hoop is uniformly distributed with vented plastic substrate, and the inner side of the cotton lining. ?????????????????????,?????????????????? Or in the thigh cuff, leg cuff front side of a long hole, its settings are inside a porous sponge or cloth cotton lining.

??????????????,????????????????????????,???????????????????? Above the knee valgus deformity correction device, the steel tube having an inner threaded steel cylinder with its mating locking screw, which is a steel cylinder with a connecting rod with lock screws.

???????????????????????????????????,?????,?????????????????????? The present invention knee valgus deformity includes lashing in the thigh and calf cuff thigh and calf cuff, and universal joints, universal joints through the plate and thigh and calf ferrule ferrule connection. ??????????????????, ????????????,???????????????, ?????????????????????? Including through the gimbal pin connected to two connecting rods, rotating pin connection is a vice, that is, two components can rotate about the pin axis of rotation, in order to achieve two linkage mechanism consisting of free bending can be found here. ??????????????????,????????????,????????????????????????,?????, ??????????????,???????????? Simultaneously connected to the lower leg to the other end of the connecting rod has a collar, the collar outer shaft is provided with a ring groove sections, corresponding to the appropriate setting and the steel tube and shaft collar segment, the shaft hole with the light hole, because the shape of the corresponding, That there is a steel cylinder bore step, to withstand the pressure of the connecting rod. ?????????????????????????,???????,???????,???????????????? In addition, the steel tube set with the ring groove of the connecting rod axial limit screw to prevent it from the steel cylinder, without affecting its rotation, the structure allows connecting rod rotation around its axis. ???????????????????????? In order to achieve the rotation of the universal joint and the two connecting rod at the bend. ???????????????????,?????????????????? While the connection section of the thigh side mainly through threaded shank portion, the legs can be adjusted by turning the threaded apartment in the distance. ???????????????,??????????????????,???????????,???????????,????????,?????????, ???????????,??????????????????????,?????????? Actual use to the patient limb install this appliance, thigh and calf ferrule to the ferrule for orthodontic limit, according to the correction of limb actual needs, universal joints located inside or outside of the leg, both sides can also be set by adjusting the thigh side threaded shank angle to correct the angle of the limb bones, the knee varus or valgus deformity of the face to reduce the load side of joint damage, prevent further wear and tear damage. ???????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????,??????,??????????,????????????, ??????,?????????????,????????? Leg side links automatically adjusted via two rotary connecting rod pin axis of rotation of the axis of movement of the knee consistent with people that can make joint campaign with human legs bent, it does not have to achieve a patient resting in bed, wearing the braces You can walk like a normal person, the use of the appliance distraction deformity, a mechanical correction, joint damage surfaces corresponding reduced load, beneficial to its natural recovery. ????????????,??????????????????,????????????????,???????????,???????????????? Meanwhile, in order to load to the ground, foot and leg bands through the plate hinged to the ferrule, and also to prevent sliding bearing leg of the ferrule because the hinge connection is a rotary pair, can make the hoop with human ankle booties motion unanimously.

???????????????????????????????????????,????????? The present invention knee valgus deformity ferrule thigh braces, leg cuff and shackle hoop structure to adapt to human physiology, more comfortable to use. ????? Which sets the thigh

?????????????????3-5cm???,????? Hoop and calf cuff structure corresponding to the physiological 3-5cm left margin, easy to wear. ???????????,??????????????,?????????,?????????,????? Corresponding to the posterior portion of the leg is open, and both also have Velcro for taping, the use of the deformation of the ferrule itself by Velcro for banding, very convenient. ????????????,??????,????,??????? The shackle hoop structure to adapt the foot, the other side is open, the structure is simple, and easy to wear shoes.

????????????????????????????????????????,??????????, ???????????,??????,??????????????????,????????? The present invention knee valgus deformity cuff thigh braces, leg cuff and shackle hoop is uniformly distributed with vented plastic substrate, and its inner lining with cotton, a relatively easy plastic molding, manufacturing costs inexpensive, while its top vent and setting uniform cotton lining, comfortable to use is better. ??????????? ?????????????,?????????????????,????????????????,?????????????,???????????,????,????? Can also be used in the thigh cuff, leg cuff front side has a long hole, its settings are inside a porous sponge or cloth cotton lining, this program can also play the role of wearing comfort than the previous one kinds of programs somewhat less comfortable to use, but do not have to set up so many holes, ease of manufacturing and low cost. ?????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????????? Considering threaded vibration loosening of such circumstances, the present invention steel tube having an internal thread with a steel tube with a locking screw, the latter with the connecting rod with a lock screw. ??????????????,???????????????????? Distance to be adjusted to use his legs set distance, Tighten lock screw on the two threaded connections can be locked.

(?) ???? (Iv) Brief Description

?l?????????????????????????? Figure l of the present invention knee valgus deformity schematic sectional schematic.

?2???????????????????????????? Figure 2 of the present invention knee valgus deformity correction device gimbal assembly structure diagram.

??,1?????,2????,3????,4????,5? ????,6????,7????,8???,9?????,10? ????,11???,12????,13????,14???,15? ?????,16???,17???? Figure 1, the thigh cuff, 2, plate, 3, universal joints, 4, plate, 5, leg ferrule, 6, plate, 7, foot hoop, 8, steel tube, 9, lock bolt stop 10, the lock bolts 11, a steel tube, 12, the connecting rod 13, connecting rods, 14, collar 15, the polyurethane sleeve, 16 steel tube, 17, the ring groove.

(?) ?????????1: (E) Specific Examples Example 1:

???????1?2,?????????????????????1?????5,????????,????????2?4???????1?????5????????3, ???????6?????????????7? Reference to the appended drawings 1 and 2, the present invention is the knee, valgus deformity of the ferrule 1 comprises a thigh and calf cuff 5, and disposed inside of the legs, and the plates 2,4 respectively, through the ferrule and said thigh a ferrule 5 and calf fastening gimbal 3, as well as through plate 6 with the leg shackle connecting ferrule hoop 7. ????????????,???????,????????,????????,???????????,?????????? The stainless steel plate, the main consideration of their strength, the use of high strength steel, a smaller size can be achieved, will be able to achieve the required strength requirements, but also makes the orthosis structure tighter

?????????????2?????????8????????????11????11????????12?????????????????????13?????????4????16,?????13???????14,????????????17,??16????????????? ???????,?????????????13???????? Wherein the joint is welded to the plate 2, and comprises a steel cylinder 8 internal thread, is screwed to the steel tube of steel cylinder 11, and the steel tube 11 threadedly engaged with the connecting rod 12 through the connecting rod pin and the other end active a connecting rod 13 and the connecting plate 4 is welded to the steel tube 16, the other end of the connecting rod 13 has a collar 14, the shaft section of the outer shaft ring is provided with a ring groove 17, the steel tube 16 and the corresponding settings collar and shaft section, the shaft hole with the aperture and set by means of the connection of the annular groove of the screw rod 13 is an axial stop. ????????????????,???14???16 ???????????15? To reduce the noise and the use of buffering required, the collar 14 and the steel cylinder 16 contacts the table plus one polyurethane sleeve 15.

???7????6???????,???????,? Shackle hoop 7 with plate 6 by a hinge connection, construct artificial ankle, can

???????????? With people walking action and the action.

????????????????????1?????2 ????3??????????,??????????????????????3cm???,???????????, ????????? The present invention knee valgus deformity is a thigh cuff, leg cuff 2 and 3 and the shackle hoop fit human physiological structure, in which the thigh and calf cuff cuff physiological structure corresponding to the left 3cm margin, corresponding to the open part of the rear legs, primarily for ease of wearing. ???????????????? And both also have Velcro for taping. ???????????,??????? Shackle hoop and foot structure to adapt, other side is open. ???????????????3????????????,???????????? Where the thigh cuff, leg cuff and shackle hoop 3 is uniformly distributed with vented plastic substrate, and set cotton lining on the inside.

???????????????,???????8??????11?????9,??11????????12?????10? The present invention is the knee, valgus deformity correction device, the inner steel tube 8 is provided with a lock cylinder 11 of the steel screw 9, the steel tube 11 of the connecting rod 12 has locking screw 10.

??????????????????????????????? Mainly used in the present embodiment, varus or valgus deformity of the medial articular surface damage situations exist.

???2: Example 2:

???????1?2,??????????1,??????????????????????????????,??????3??????? Figures 1 and 2 refer to the manual, the implementation of the ideal should be to Example 1, the main difference is applied varus or valgus deformity of the lateral articular surface damage present situation, that is, outside of the right leg joints 3 Set. ?????????,??????1?????2?????????,?????????????????? Taking into account production costs, the use of a thigh cuff, leg cuff 2 front side has a long hole, its settings are inside a porous sponge or cloth cotton lining. ????????????????????4cm???? Thigh and calf cuff cuff physiological structure corresponding to the left margin of 4cm. ???????,?????,???????????,??????????????,????????? In fact, this margin, the more easy to wear, but it may adversely affect the binding, which is set to balance the substrate back leg elastic, the need for greater binding force. ??????5cm,???????????,???????? This sizes up to 5cm, too, the required lashing force is too large, not easy lashing firm.

???3: Example 3:

???????1?2,?????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????3???????? Figures 1 and 2 refer to the manual, in fact, have been better for the correction effect, either varus or valgus deformity that side of the articular surface damage, if the inside and outside of the leg to set up a joint three months there will be more good results. ???????????????????????,????,????????? One is due to the use of two universal joints makes the whole braces high structural strength, stability, then there are easier to adjust. ?????????????,????????????? For the entire articular surface is damaged, and this is inevitable in the present invention is selected.